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This 5 page paper looks at several theorists inclusive of Karl Marx, Roland Barthes and Herbert Marcuse, and their ideas about culture. Political and psychological theories are discussed. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
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5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: RT13_SA215cul.rtf
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working definition of culturalism, which is: "No biological, psychological, or economic fate determines the figure that the human female presents in society; it is civilization as a whole that
produces this creature, intermediate between male and eunuch, which is described as feminine" (qtd. in Kopaczynski, 1995, p.2). It is clearly ambiguous and applicable to the feminist form of inquiry.
Yet, Kopaczynski attempts to explain and perhaps broadens the definition by doing so. He notes that if "culturalism" is the view that the female gender is almost all environmentally created
and hardly made up of nature, then innate sex differences have much to do with the broad structure that is society (1995). Freuds idea that biology is destiny
is an extreme view (1995). Culturalists seem to feel that females, and a myriad of other things for that matter, are socially constructed. Another concept applicable to the evaluation
of society is originalism. Semantic originalism holds that clauses should be read with the idea of what an individual intended for them to say (Whittington, 2000). Expectations originalism holds
that such clauses should be understood only in terms of consequences (2000). The latter definition would incorporate an ends justifies the means attitude. In trying to evaluate society with a
myriad of insights, several culturalists can help to provide these. They too look at things such as semantic originalism where words mean things, and they also carefully evaluate cultural aspects
of daily life. Their works--some written long ago--are all still relevant today. Roland Barthes for example was a French theorist who was deemed to be on the left and
whose writings clearly created a bridge between concepts of high structuralism and poststructuralism, something that seems to focus on the main theme of language and how it is utilized
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