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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This is a 4 page paper summarizing four articles within the social sciences and cultural studies. Articles by Hassan Bakhtari, Sue Ann Curtis, Stephen Littlejohn and Cynthia Lont discuss various concerns within the area of social science and cultural studies. Bakhtari addresses the difference found in management styles between Middle Eastern immigrant managers in the U.S. and U.S.-born managers which are shown to be significant. Curtis addresses concerns in regards to consideration of North American tribes’ relationship and well-being to the land on which they live and how this can be affected by federal projects which involve dangerous and hazardous waste in those same areas. Littlejohn and Lont address slightly different concerns in social science: Littlejohn reveals the trend toward deceptive reporting in the discipline of social science and asks for alternative methods; whereas, Lont describes some of the interchangeable terms used in subcultural studies in which the entire process is best described as “persistence”.
Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Page Count:
4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_TJcultb1.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
of social science and cultural studies. Bakhtari addresses the difference found in management styles between Middle Eastern immigrant managers in the U.S. and U.S.-born managers which are shown to be
significant. Curtis addresses concerns in regards to consideration of North American tribes relationship and well-being to the land on which they live and how this can be affected by federal
projects which involve dangerous and hazardous waste in those same areas. Littlejohn and Lont address slightly different concerns in social science: Littlejohn reveals the trend toward deceptive reporting in the
discipline of social science and asks for alternative methods; whereas, Lont describes some of the interchangeable terms used in subcultural studies in which the entire process is best described as
"persistence". Hassan Bakhtaris article "Cultural Effects on Management Style: A Comparative Study of American and Middle Eastern Management Styles" (1995) addresses the
cultural differences found in management styles which should be considered when Middle Eastern managers are working in U.S. organizations as they function differently. Culture has a great impact on management
styles in addition to other variables such as gender, level of education and "organizational position of subject managers" (Bakhtari, 1995, p. 97). Based on the six managerial styles outlined by
McBer and Company in 1980 (coercive, authoritative, affiliative, democratic, pace-setting, and coaching) Bakhtari developed four hypothesis: using the Managerial Style Inventory (MSI), Middle Eastern immigrant managers will achieve higher scores
on coercive and authoritative managerial styles than U.S.-born managers; among Middle Eastern immigrants, male managers affected by their culture, dominate managerial positions; the length of time Middle Eastern managers have
lived in the U.S. will affect their managerial style in that those who have lived longer in the U.S. will show more coaching and democratic styles; and, the level of
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