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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 14 page paper reviews seven article in population genetics. Species considered varies from microbes, to insects, to birds, to humans. No additional sources are listed.
Page Count:
14 pages (~225 words per page)
File: AM2_PP670605.doc
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Signatures of Natural Selection in the Human Genome. Nature Reviews, vol 4. Retrieved from www.nature.com/reviews/genetics.
Bamshad and Wooding (2003) investigate phenotypic variation in human susceptibility to disease and our reactions to various drugs. They hypothesize that this variation relates, in
part, to genetic variation. The authors suggest that this variation arose as a result of natural selection and explore various strategies used in signature selection at genetic loci.
They explain that natural selection can only occur in the presence of heritable genetic polymorphism. Genetic polymorphism results from mutation and can be either advantageous, deleterious or have no
effect whatsoever in terms of an individuals fitness (Bamshad and Wooding, 2003). The authors find fault with the explanations that have predominated evolutionary theory in the past few decades
that genetic drift has resulted in most polymorphisms being neutral in their impact to fitness. Thanks to the human genome program the limitations that were present previously in terms
of genetic research on human populations are now no longer in play (Bamshad and Wooding, 2003). Now this research benefits from extensive sampling with a significant number reporting mitochondrial
genome variation as well as on "the Y chromosome and various autosomal regions, using microsatellite or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers" (Bamshad and Wooding, 2003, 100).
If our genes predispose us to disease then, theoretically at least, we can use that knowledge to strengthen disease prevention strategy and even to
enhance treatment approaches once we do succumb to a disease (Bamshad and Wooding, 2003). Although the genome can obviously be affected by population dynamics, those affects are spread across
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