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This is a 5 page report analyzing John Hospers’ “Argument Against Skepticism”. John Hospers’ “Argument Against Skepticism” provides several requirements and conditions for “knowing”: propositions must be true, must be believed to be true and evidence must be available in support of the propositions. The question of evidence remains controversial for the most part as Hospers and critics submit that the degree of evidence must be good enough for those to believe it. “Knowing” is also considered by Hospers to have a “weak” and “strong” sense in which a “weak” sense is used by most people on a daily basis and is based on individuals’ having good reason to belief a proposition is true based on the evidence whereas a “strong” sense of knowing has absolutely conclusive evidence in support of it and is what interests philosophers the most. Hospers’ arguments differ from that of Descartes and also a great deal from the hypotheses presented by the skeptics; Descartes with the concept that knowledge itself proves existence and the skeptics presenting that nothing is known for certain.
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Page Count:
5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_TJskept1.rtf
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available in support of the propositions. The question of evidence remains controversial for the most part as Hospers and critics submit that the degree of evidence must be good enough
for those to believe it. "Knowing" is also considered by Hospers to have a "weak" and "strong" sense in which a "weak" sense is used by most people on a
daily basis and is based on individuals having good reason to belief a proposition is true based on the evidence whereas a "strong" sense of knowing has absolutely conclusive evidence
in support of it and is what interests philosophers the most. Hospers arguments differ from that of Descartes and also a great deal from the hypotheses presented by the skeptics;
Descartes with the concept that knowledge itself proves existence and the skeptics presenting that nothing is known for certain. In John Hospers "Argument
Against Skepticism", he presents several requirements for "knowing" considered by Hospers to be "slippery". Firstly, he identifies three senses of "know", namely: regarding an acquaintance in that someone "knows" someone
else; regarding ones ability, or "know-how"; and, in the propositional sense in that the word "know" is usually following by the proposition "that...". The last sense is also somewhat related
to the first two in that people have some former knowledge in order to "know" someone, or "know" how to do something (Hospers, 1967, p. 173). For the propositional sense,
Hospers furthers that there are several conditions which are needed: the proposition must be true, or else the knowledge is either contradictory or false, called the "objective requirement"; not only
must the proposition be true but we must believe that the proposition is true, called the "subjective requirement"; you must have evidence for the proposition (reason to believe the proposition),
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