Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution
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A 10 page consideration of the theory of evolution and our current knowledge regarding the origin of life. Outlines Darwin's theories and the natural history information which led to those theories and provides a brief outline of the chemical basis for the origin of life. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PPevolut.rtf

Chemistry Of The Halogen Group
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5 pages in length. The halogen group is comprised of astatine, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, all of which are nonmetals and form a portion of the periodic system's seventh primary group. The word halogen, which equates to salt producer, is indicative of myriad sea salt compounds, as well as common table salt in the form of sodium chloride. The collective group of halogens possesses a strong, unpleasant odor and has the capacity to burn right through living body tissue; their capacity to dissolve in water is quite poor. Weight fluctuates quite significantly between and among the gases, with fluorine being the lightest and astatine the heaviest. Their atomic weights reflect fluorine, 18.9984; chlorine, 35.453; bromine, 79.909; iodine, 126.905; and astatine, 210. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLChlogn.wps

Chlorine
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This 3 page paper discusses the element chlorine. Bibliography lists 3 sources
Filename: HVChlori.rtf

Chlorine and Bleach
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This 4 page report discusses the properties of the element chlorine and how and why it is used in common bleach and disinfectant applications. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWbleach.rtf

Clay
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A 9 page examination of the industrial mineral - clay. Paper explores its chemical and physical properties, origin, and industrial uses. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Clay.wps

Cleaner Plastics; Lifecycle and Recycling
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Plastics are associated with poor environmental practices consuming fossil fuels in their production and disposal. This 20 page paper considers the way in plastics production and recycling may be undertaken in a cleaner way. The paper focuses on recycling looking at the lifecycle from the recycling perspective including the creation of plastics using plants that result in biodegradable plastics as well as the ways in which plastics may be recycled. The bibliography cites 50 sources.
Filename: TEplastics.rtf

Comparing the size of the ONO bond angle in NO2 with NO2 -1 and NO3 -1
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This 4 page paper looks at how the size of the O-N-O bond angle in NO2 compares to the size of the O-N-O bond angles in NO2 -1 and NO3 -1 and explain how and why these differences occur. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEONObond.rtf

Cooking And Chemistry
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Ever watched an egg boil? Ever have an urge to find out what types of chemical processes are occurring as the egg boils? This 5 page paper explores he chemical processes of cooking. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KTcokchm.wps

Copper
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of the element copper. Basic information is provided, inclusive of its many uses. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA614cu.rtf

Creatine Phosphate
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A 5 page research paper that discusses the biochemistry of creatine phosphate, a crucial element in the production of muscle energy. The writer discusses its function, structure, and pathways. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khpo3.rtf

Defining Osmosis
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This 5 page report discusses and explains the concept of osmosis which is how one element or ingredient of a solution flows through a membrane while other components of a solutuon are shut out and unable to pass through the membrane. In order to determine which membranes allow the flow of which constituents of a solution requires experimentation since not all membranes act the same way. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: BWosmos.rtf

Dental Fillings: History, Types and Uses
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An 8 page discussion of the history of dental fillings. Traces the filling from ancient times to present exploring the various types of materials which were used. Explains that the choice of filling is related to performance but also to availability and cost. Notes that the evolutionary path of fillings is tied as well to the evolutionary paths of other dentistry aspects such as drill evolution and the development of molding techniques and materials. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPdentFi.wps